1. Describe Frank Lloyd Wright's work.
-This American architect's style was rectilinear approach to a spatial organization. He favored the philosophy of "organic architecture" with "the reality of the building"- in the interior spaces where people lived and worked.
-He defined organic design as having entity, "something in which the part is to the whole as the whole is to the part, and which all is devoted to purpose...It seeks completeness in idea in execution that is absolutely true to method, true to purpose, true to character."
-Wright saw space as the essence of design. His inspiration came from Japanese architecture and design for a model of harmonious proportion and visual poetry.
-His design interests were furniture, graphics, fabric, wallpapers, and stained-glass windows.
-He incorporated white or blank space as an element and he varied materials to unify as a whole.
2. Describe the work of the Glasgow school or "the Four".
-Charles Rennie Mackintosh, J. Herbert McNair, Margaret and Frances Macdonald= "the four"
-Unique style of lyrical originality and symbolic complexity and symbolic imagery and stylized form.
-Bold, simple lines define flat planes of color.
-Abstract interpretations of human figure.
-Geometric style of composition working with floral and curvilinear elements with strong rectilinear structure.
-Sisters had strong religious beliefs and symbolist and mystical ideas. Had a transcendental style, feminine, fairyland like, and a melancholy atmoshphere.
-Mackintosh contributions to architecture- design of chairs, objects, interiors as a total environment.
-Theme was vertical lines rising with subtle curves at ends.
-Tall, thin rectangular shapes and the counterpoint of right angles against ovals, ciricles, and arcs characterized work.
3. Describe the Vienna secessionist work.
-Love clean, simple, sans serif lettering, ranging from flat, blocky slabs to fluidly calligraphic forms.
-Movement was countermovement to floral art nouveau that occurred.
-Clash between tradition and new ideas from France, England, and Germany created conflict.
-Occurred April 3, 1897
-People included: Painter Gustav Klimit, architect Joseph Maria Olbrich, Josef Hoffmann, and artist-designer Koloman Moser were key members.
-Ver Sacrum (sacred spring): linear and geometric design elements
-Adolf Loos, Austrian architect famous article "Potemkin City" encouraging love of decoration and empty spaces. Organic meant use of human needs as standard for measuring form.
-style used squares, rectangles, circles in repetition and combination.
4. Name one thing Peter Berhens designed.
-"Celebration of Life and Art: A Consideration of the Theater as the Highest Symbol of a Culture". Used sans-serif type
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